Incandescent light bulb

An incandescent light bulb, incandescent lamp or incandescent light globe is an electric light which produces light with a filament wire heated to a high temperature by an electric current passing through it, until it glows (see Incandescence). The hot filament is protected from oxidation with a glass or quartz bulb that is filled with inert gas or evacuated.

History

In addressing the question of who invented the incandescent lamp, historians Robert Friedel and Paul Israel^[5] list 22 inventors of incandescent lamps prior to Joseph Swan and Thomas Edison. They conclude that Edison's version was able to outstrip the others because of a combination of three factors: an effective incandescent material, a higher vacuum than others were able to achieve (by use of the Sprengel pump) and a high resistance that made power distribution from a centralized source economically viable.

Historian Thomas Hughes, has attributed Edison's success to his development of an entire, integrated system of electric lighting.

The lamp was a small component in his system of electric lighting, and no more critical to its effective functioning than the Edison Jumbo generator, the Edison main and feeder, and the parallel-distribution system. Other inventors with generators and incandescent lamps, and with comparable ingenuity and excellence, have long been forgotten because their creators did not preside over their introduction in a system of lighting.

—Thomas P. Hughes, In Technology at the Turning Point, edited by W. B. Pickett^[6][7]

Wayfarer-Sunglasses

Ray-Ban Wayfarer sunglasses have been manufactured by Ray-Ban since 1956, when their design was a revolutionary break from the metal eyewear of the past. Wayfarers enjoyed early popularity in the 1950s and 1960s. Though the sunglasses had faded from the limelight by the 1970s, a lucrative 1982 product placement deal brought Wayfarers to their height of popularity. Since the mid-2000s, the sunglasses have been enjoying a revival.

Wayfarers are sometimes cited as the best-selling design of sunglasses in history^[1][2] (although Ray-Ban Aviators have also been credited with this achievement^[3]) and have been called a classic of modern design^[4] and one of the most enduring fashion icons of the 20th century.^[5]

Gandhar

 

Vessel Identification

Name:	Gandhar
IMO:	9079195
Flag:	India
MMSI:	419021000
Callsign:	ATSF

Technical Data

Vessel type:	Crude Oil Tanker
Gross tonnage:	80,130 tons
Summer DWT:	147,474 tons
Length:	274 m
Beam:	46 m
Draught:	12.2 m

Additional Information

Home port:	Mumbai
Class society:	American Bureau Of Shipping
Build year:	1994
Builder (*):	Samsung Shipbuilding & Heavy Industries Geoje, South Korea
Owner:	Shipping Corporation Of India Mumbai, India
Manager:	Shipping Corporation Of India Mumbai, India

Tagetes Marigolds(Genda flower)

Tagetes ^[2] is a genus of 56 species ^[3] of annual and perennial, mostly herbaceous plants in the sunflower family (Asteraceae or Compositae). The genus is native to North and South America, but some species have become naturalized around the world. One species, T. minuta, is considered a noxious invasive plant in some areas.^[3]

Rose

A rose is a woody perennial of the genus Rosa, within the family Rosaceae. There are over 100 species. They form a group of plants that can be erect shrubs, climbing or trailing with stems that are often armed with sharp prickles. Flowers vary in size and shape and are usually large and showy, in colours ranging from white through yellows and reds. Most species are native to Asia, with smaller numbers native to Europe, North America, and northwest Africa. Species, cultivars and hybrids are all widely grown for their beauty and often are fragrant. Rose plants range in size from compact, miniature roses, to climbers that can reach 7 meters in height. Different species hybridize easily, and this has been used in the development of the wide range of garden roses.^[1]

The name rose comes from French, itself from Latin rosa, which was perhaps borrowed from Oscan, from Greek ρόδον rhódon (Aeolic βρόδον wródon), itself borrowed from Old Persian wrd- (wurdi), related to Avestan varəδa, Sogdian ward, Parthian wâr.^[2][3]

Sooty Tern

The Sooty Tern (Onychoprion fuscatus) (formerly Sterna fuscata^[2]), is a seabird of the tern family (Sternidae). It is a bird of the tropical oceans, breeding on islands throughout the equatorial zone. Colloquially, it is known as the Wideawake Tern or just wideawake. This refers to the incessant calls produced by a colony of these birds, as does the Hawaiian name ʻewa ʻewa which roughly means "cacophony".^[3] In most of Polynesia its name ismanutara or similar however – literally "tern-bird",^[4] though it might be better rendered in English as "the tern" or "common tern". This refers to the fact that wherever Polynesian seafarers went on their long voyages, they usually would find these birds in astounding numbers.

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